Investigating causality in associations between education and smoking: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Investigating causality in associations between smoking initiation and schizophrenia using Mendelian randomization
Smoking is strongly associated with schizophrenia. Although it has been widely assumed that this reflects self-medication, recent studies suggest that smoking may be a risk factor for schizophrenia. We performed two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization using summary level genomewide association data from the Tobacco And Genetics Consortium and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Variants ...
متن کاملAssessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
BACKGROUND Observational associations between cannabis and schizophrenia are well documented, but ascertaining causation is more challenging. We used Mendelian randomization (MR), utilizing publicly available data as a method for ascertaining causation from observational data. METHOD We performed bi-directional two-sample MR using summary-level genome-wide data from the International Cannabis...
متن کاملCausal Associations Between Body Mass Index and Mental Health: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) is negatively correlated with subjective well-being and positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Whether these associations reflect causal effects or confounding is unclear. Methods: We examined causal effects between BMI and subjective well-being/depressive symptoms with bi-directional, two-sample Mendelian randomization using summary-level data from la...
متن کاملThe causal relevance of body mass index in different histological types of lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with lung cancer risk in observational studies, even though it increases the risk of several other cancers, which could indicate confounding by tobacco smoking or reverse causality. We used the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to circumvent these limitations of observational epidemiology by constructing a genetic instrument for BMI, ...
متن کاملEmerging Themes in Epidemiology Analytic perspective Can we apply the Mendelian randomization methodology without considering epigenetic effects?
Introduction: Instrumental variable (IV) methods have been used in econometrics for several decades now, but have only recently been introduced into the epidemiologic research frameworks. Similarly, Mendelian randomization studies, which use the IV methodology for analysis and inference in epidemiology, were introduced into the epidemiologist's toolbox only in the last decade. Analysis: Mendeli...
متن کامل